4 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
6 our @EXPORT = qw(conv_i conv_date conv_dateq do_query selectrow_query do_statement
7 dump_query quote_db_date
8 selectfirst_hashref_query selectfirst_array_query
9 selectall_hashref_query selectall_array_query
11 prepare_execute_query prepare_query
12 create_sort_spec does_table_exist
18 my ($value, $default) = @_;
19 return (defined($value) && "$value" ne "") ? $value * 1 : $default;
24 my ($value, $default) = @_;
25 return !defined $value && defined $default ? $default
32 return (defined($value) && "$value" ne "") ? $value : undef;
37 if (defined($value) && "$value" ne "") {
38 $value =~ s/\'/\'\'/g;
45 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
47 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
49 dump_query(LXDebug->QUERY(), '', $query, @_);
52 if (0 == scalar(@_)) {
53 $result = $dbh->do($query) || $form->dberror($query);
55 $result = $dbh->do($query, undef, @_) || $form->dberror($query . " (" . join(", ", @_) . ")");
58 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
63 sub selectrow_query { &selectfirst_array_query }
66 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
68 my ($form, $sth, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
70 dump_query(LXDebug->QUERY(), '', $query, @_);
73 if (0 == scalar(@_)) {
74 $result = $sth->execute() || $form->dberror($query);
76 $result = $sth->execute(@_) || $form->dberror($query . " (" . join(", ", @_) . ")");
79 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
85 my ($level, $msg, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
87 my $self_filename = 'SL/DBUtils.pm';
88 my $filename = $self_filename;
89 my ($caller_level, $line, $subroutine);
90 while ($filename eq $self_filename) {
91 (undef, $filename, $line, $subroutine) = caller $caller_level++;
94 while ($query =~ /\?/) {
95 my $value = shift || '';
96 $value =~ s/\'/\\\'/g;
97 $value = "'${value}'";
98 $query =~ s/\?/$value/;
101 $query =~ s/[\n\s]+/ /g;
103 $msg .= " " if ($msg);
105 my $info = "$subroutine called from $filename:$line\n";
107 $main::lxdebug->message($level, $info . $msg . $query);
113 return "NULL" unless defined $str;
114 return "current_date" if $str =~ /current_date/;
121 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
123 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
125 dump_query(LXDebug->QUERY(), '', $query, @_);
127 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query) || $form->dberror($query);
129 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
134 sub prepare_execute_query {
135 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
137 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
139 dump_query(LXDebug->QUERY(), '', $query, @_);
141 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query) || $form->dberror($query);
142 if (scalar(@_) != 0) {
143 $sth->execute(@_) || $form->dberror($query . " (" . join(", ", @_) . ")");
145 $sth->execute() || $form->dberror($query);
148 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
153 sub selectall_hashref_query {
154 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
156 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
158 dump_query(LXDebug->QUERY(), '', $query, @_);
160 # this works back 'til at least DBI 1.46 on perl 5.8.4 on Debian Sarge (2004)
161 my $result = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($query, { Slice => {} }, @_)
162 or $form->dberror($query . (@_ ? " (" . join(", ", @_) . ")" : ''));
164 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
166 return wantarray ? @{ $result } : $result;
169 sub selectall_array_query {
170 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
172 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
174 my $sth = prepare_execute_query($form, $dbh, $query, @_);
176 while (my ($value) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
177 push(@result, $value);
181 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
186 sub selectfirst_hashref_query {
187 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
189 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
191 my $sth = prepare_execute_query($form, $dbh, $query, @_);
192 my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref();
195 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
200 sub selectfirst_array_query {
201 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
203 my ($form, $dbh, $query) = splice(@_, 0, 3);
205 my $sth = prepare_execute_query($form, $dbh, $query, @_);
206 my @ret = $sth->fetchrow_array();
209 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
214 sub selectall_as_map {
215 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
217 my ($form, $dbh, $query, $key_col, $value_col) = splice(@_, 0, 5);
219 my $sth = prepare_execute_query($form, $dbh, $query, @_);
222 if ('' eq ref $value_col) {
223 while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
224 $hash{$ref->{$key_col}} = $ref->{$value_col};
227 while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
228 $hash{$ref->{$key_col}} = { map { $_ => $ref->{$_} } @{ $value_col } };
234 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
239 sub create_sort_spec {
240 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
245 $params{defs} || die;
246 $params{default} || die;
248 # The definition of valid columns to sort by.
249 my $defs = $params{defs};
251 # The column name to sort by. Use the default column name if none was given.
252 my %result = ( 'column' => $params{column} || $params{default} );
254 # Overwrite the column name with the default column name if the other one is not valid.
255 $result{column} = $params{default} unless ($defs->{ $result{column} });
257 # The sort direction. true means 'sort ascending', false means 'sort descending'.
258 $result{dir} = defined $params{dir} ? $params{dir}
259 : defined $params{default_dir} ? $params{default_dir}
261 $result{dir} = $result{dir} ? 1 : 0;
262 my $asc_desc = $result{dir} ? 'ASC' : 'DESC';
264 # Create the SQL code.
265 my $cols = $defs->{ $result{column} };
266 $result{sql} = join ', ', map { "${_} ${asc_desc}" } @{ ref $cols eq 'ARRAY' ? $cols : [ $cols ] };
268 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
273 sub does_table_exist {
274 $main::lxdebug->enter_sub(2);
282 my $sth = $dbh->table_info('', '', $table, 'TABLE');
284 $result = $sth->fetchrow_hashref();
289 $main::lxdebug->leave_sub(2);
294 # add token to values.
300 # val => [ 23, 34, 17 ]
303 # will append to the given arrays:
304 # -> 'id IN (?, ?, ?)'
305 # -> (conv_i(23), conv_i(34), conv_i(17))
308 # - don't care if one or multiple values are given. singlewill result in 'col = ?'
309 # - pass escape routines
310 # - expand for future method
311 # - no need to type "push @where_tokens, 'id = ?'" over and over again
313 my $tokens = shift() || [];
314 my $values = shift() || [];
316 my $col = $params{col};
317 my $val = $params{val};
318 my $escape = $params{esc} || sub { $_ };
319 my $method = $params{esc} =~ /^start|end|substr$/ ? 'ILIKE' : $params{method} || '=';
321 $val = [ $val ] unless ref $val eq 'ARRAY';
327 start => sub { $_[0] . '%' },
328 end => sub { '%' . $_[0] },
329 substr => sub { '%' . $_[0] . '%' },
332 my $_long_token = sub {
336 return scalar @_ ? join ' OR ', ("$col $op ?") x scalar @_,
344 return scalar @_ > 1 ? sprintf '%s IN (%s)', $col, join ', ', ("?") x scalar @_
345 : scalar @_ == 1 ? sprintf '%s = ?', $col
348 map({ $_ => $_long_token->($_) } qw(LIKE ILIKE >= <= > <)),
351 $method = $methods{$method} || $method;
352 $escape = $escapes{$escape} || $escape;
354 my $token = $method->($col, @{ $val });
355 my @vals = map { $escape->($_) } @{ $val };
357 return unless $token;
359 push @{ $tokens }, $token;
360 push @{ $values }, @vals;
362 return ($token, @vals);
372 SL::DBUTils.pm: All about Databaseconections in Lx
378 conv_i($str, $default)
383 do_query($form, $dbh, $query)
384 do_statement($form, $sth, $query)
386 dump_query($level, $msg, $query)
387 prepare_execute_query($form, $dbh, $query)
389 my $all_results_ref = selectall_hashref_query($form, $dbh, $query)
390 my $first_result_hash_ref = selectfirst_hashref_query($form, $dbh, $query);
392 my @first_result = selectfirst_array_query($form, $dbh, $query); # ==
393 my @first_result = selectrow_query($form, $dbh, $query);
395 my %sort_spec = create_sort_spec(%params);
399 DBUtils is the attempt to reduce the amount of overhead it takes to retrieve information from the database in kivitendo. Previously it would take about 15 lines of code just to get one single integer out of the database, including failure procedures and importing the necessary packages. Debugging would take even more.
401 Using DBUtils most database procedures can be reduced to defining the query, executing it, and retrieving the result. Let DBUtils handle the rest. Whenever there is a database operation not covered in DBUtils, add it here, rather than working around it in the backend code.
403 DBUtils relies heavily on two parameters which have to be passed to almost every function: $form and $dbh.
404 - $form is used for error handling only. It can be omitted in theory, but should not.
405 - $dbh is a handle to the databe, as returned by the DBI::connect routine. If you don't have an active connectiong, you can query $form->get_standard_dbh() to get a generic no_auto connection. Don't forget to commit in this case!
408 Every function here should accomplish the follwing things:
409 - Easy debugging. Every handled query gets dumped via LXDebug, if specified there.
410 - Safe value binding. Although DBI is far from perfect in terms of binding, the rest of the bindings should happen here.
411 - Error handling. Should a query fail, an error message will be generated here instead of in the backend code invoking DBUtils.
413 Note that binding is not perfect here either...
415 =head2 QUOTING FUNCTIONS
421 =item conv_i STR,DEFAULT
423 Converts STR to an integer. If STR is empty, returns DEFAULT. If no DEFAULT is given, returns undef.
427 Converts STR to a date string. If STR is emptry, returns undef.
431 Database version of conv_date. Quotes STR before returning. Returns 'NULL' if STR is empty.
433 =item quote_db_date STR
435 Treats STR as a database date, quoting it. If STR equals current_date returns an escaped version which is treated as the current date by Postgres.
436 Returns 'NULL' if STR is empty.
440 =head2 QUERY FUNCTIONS
444 =item do_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
446 Uses DBI::do to execute QUERY on DBH using ARRAY for binding values. FORM is only needed for error handling, but should always be passed nevertheless. Use this for insertions or updates that don't need to be prepared.
448 Returns the result of DBI::do which is -1 in case of an error and the number of affected rows otherwise.
450 =item do_statement FORM,STH,QUERY,ARRAY
452 Uses DBI::execute to execute QUERY on DBH using ARRAY for binding values. As with do_query, FORM is only used for error handling. If you are unsure what to use, refer to the documentation of DBI::do and DBI::execute.
454 Returns the result of DBI::execute which is -1 in case of an error and the number of affected rows otherwise.
456 =item prepare_execute_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
458 Prepares and executes QUERY on DBH using DBI::prepare and DBI::execute. ARRAY is passed as binding values to execute.
462 =head2 RETRIEVAL FUNCTIONS
466 =item selectfirst_array_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
468 =item selectrow_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
470 Prepares and executes a query using DBUtils functions, retireves the first row from the database, and returns it as an arrayref of the first row.
472 =item selectfirst_hashref_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
474 Prepares and executes a query using DBUtils functions, retireves the first row from the database, and returns it as a hashref of the first row.
476 =item selectall_hashref_query FORM,DBH,QUERY,ARRAY
478 Prepares and executes a query using DBUtils functions, retireves all data from the database, and returns it in hashref mode. This is slightly confusing, as the data structure will actually be a reference to an array, containing hashrefs for each row.
480 =item selectall_as_map FORM,DBH,QUERY,KEY_COL,VALUE_COL,ARRAY
482 Prepares and executes a query using DBUtils functions, retireves all data from the database, and creates a hash from the results using KEY_COL as the column for the hash keys and VALUE_COL for its values.
486 =head2 UTILITY FUNCTIONS
490 =item create_sort_spec
493 defs => { }, # mandatory
494 default => 'name', # mandatory
504 This function simplifies the creation of SQL code for sorting
505 columns. It uses a hashref of valid column names, the column name and
506 direction requested by the user, the application defaults for the
507 column name and the direction and returns the actual column name,
508 direction and SQL code that can be used directly in a query.
510 The parameter 'defs' is a hash reference. The keys are the column
511 names as they may come from the application. The values are either
512 scalars with SQL code or array references of SQL code. Example:
514 'defs' => { 'customername' => 'lower(customer.name)',
515 'address' => [ 'lower(customer.city)', 'lower(customer.street)' ], }
517 'default' is the default column name to sort by. It must be a key of
518 'defs' and should not be come from user input.
520 The 'column' parameter is the column name as requested by the
521 application (e.g. if the user clicked on a column header in a
522 report). If it is invalid then the 'default' parameter will be used
525 'default_dir' is the default sort direction. A true value means 'sort
526 ascending', a false one 'sort descending'. 'default_dir' defaults to
529 The 'dir' parameter is the sort direction as requested by the
530 application (e.g. if the user clicked on a column header in a
531 report). If it is undefined then the 'default_dir' parameter will be
536 =head2 DEBUG FUNCTIONS
540 =item dump_query LEVEL,MSG,QUERY,ARRAY
542 Dumps a query using LXDebug->message, using LEVEL for the debug-level of LXDebug. If MSG is given, it preceeds the QUERY dump in the logfiles. ARRAY is used to interpolate the '?' placeholders in QUERY, the resulting QUERY can be copy-pasted into a database frontend for debugging. Note that this method is also automatically called by each of the other QUERY FUNCTIONS, so there is in general little need to invoke it manually.
550 =item Retrieving a whole table:
552 $query = qq|SELECT id, pricegroup FROM pricegroup|;
553 $form->{PRICEGROUPS} = selectall_hashref_query($form, $dbh, $query);
555 =item Retrieving a single value:
557 $query = qq|SELECT nextval('glid')|;
558 ($new_id) = selectrow_query($form, $dbh, $query);
560 =item Using binding values:
562 $query = qq|UPDATE ar SET paid = amount + paid, storno = 't' WHERE id = ?|;
563 do_query($form, $dbh, $query, $id);
565 =item A more complicated example, using dynamic binding values:
569 if ($form->{language_values} ne "") {
570 $query = qq|SELECT l.id, l.description, tr.translation, tr.longdescription
572 LEFT OUTER JOIN translation tr ON (tr.language_id = l.id) AND (tr.parts_id = ?)|;
573 @values = (conv_i($form->{id}));
575 $query = qq|SELECT id, description FROM language|;
578 my $languages = selectall_hashref_query($form, $dbh, $query, @values);
582 =head1 MODULE AUTHORS
584 Moritz Bunkus E<lt>m.bunkus@linet-services.deE<gt>
585 Sven Schoeling E<lt>s.schoeling@linet-services.deE<gt>
587 =head1 DOCUMENTATION AUTHORS
589 Udo Spallek E<lt>udono@gmx.netE<gt>
590 Sven Schoeling E<lt>s.schoeling@linet-services.deE<gt>
592 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
594 Copyright 2007 by kivitendo Community
596 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
597 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
598 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
599 (at your option) any later version.
601 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
602 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
603 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
604 GNU General Public License for more details.
605 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
606 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
607 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.