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11 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
14 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
15 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
17 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
18 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
23 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
24 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
25 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
26 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
27 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
28 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
29 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
30 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
33 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
34 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
35 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
36 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
37 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
38 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
40 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
41 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
42 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
43 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
45 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
46 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
47 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
48 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
51 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
52 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
53 distribute and/or modify the software.
55 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
56 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
57 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
58 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
59 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
62 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
63 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
64 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
65 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
66 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
68 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
71 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
72 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
74 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
75 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
76 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
77 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
78 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
79 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
80 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
81 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
82 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
84 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
85 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
86 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
87 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
88 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
89 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
91 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
92 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
93 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
94 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
95 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
96 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
97 along with the Program.
99 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
100 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
102 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
103 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
104 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
105 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
107 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
108 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
110 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
111 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
112 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
113 parties under the terms of this License.
115 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
116 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
117 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
118 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
119 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
120 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
121 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
122 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
123 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
124 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
126 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
127 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
128 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
129 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
130 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
131 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
132 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
133 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
134 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
136 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
137 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
138 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
139 collective works based on the Program.
141 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
142 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
143 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
144 the scope of this License.
146 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
147 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
148 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
150 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
151 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
152 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
154 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
155 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
156 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
157 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
158 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
159 customarily used for software interchange; or,
161 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
162 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
163 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
164 received the program in object code or executable form with such
165 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
167 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
168 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
169 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
170 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
171 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
172 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
173 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
174 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
175 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
176 itself accompanies the executable.
178 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
179 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
180 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
181 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
182 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
184 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
185 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
186 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
187 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
188 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
189 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
190 parties remain in full compliance.
192 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
193 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
194 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
195 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
196 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
197 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
198 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
199 the Program or works based on it.
201 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
202 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
203 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
204 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
205 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
206 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
209 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
210 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
211 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
212 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
213 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
214 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
215 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
216 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
217 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
218 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
219 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
220 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
222 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
223 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
224 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
227 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
228 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
229 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
230 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
231 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
232 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
233 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
234 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
235 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
238 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
239 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
241 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
242 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
243 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
244 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
245 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
246 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
247 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
249 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
250 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
251 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
252 address new problems or concerns.
254 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
255 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
256 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
257 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
258 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
259 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
262 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
263 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
264 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
265 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
266 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
267 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
268 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
272 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
273 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
274 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
275 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
276 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
277 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
278 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
279 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
280 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
282 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
283 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
284 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
285 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
286 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
287 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
288 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
289 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
290 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
292 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
293 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
295 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
296 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
297 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
299 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
300 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
301 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
302 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
304 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
305 Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
307 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
308 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
309 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
310 (at your option) any later version.
312 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
313 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
314 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
315 GNU General Public License for more details.
317 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
318 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
319 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
321 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
323 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
324 when it starts in an interactive mode:
326 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
327 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
328 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
329 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
331 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
332 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
333 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
334 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
336 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
337 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
338 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
340 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
341 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
343 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
344 Ty Coon, President of Vice
346 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
347 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
348 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
349 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
350 Public License instead of this License.