cpp-d1064d
[cross.git] / i686-linux-gnu-4.7 / usr / include / c++ / 4.7 / future
diff --git a/i686-linux-gnu-4.7/usr/include/c++/4.7/future b/i686-linux-gnu-4.7/usr/include/c++/4.7/future
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+// <future> -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/** @file include/future
+ *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FUTURE
+#define _GLIBCXX_FUTURE 1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#ifndef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
+# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
+#else
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <exception>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <bits/functexcept.h>
+
+namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+  /**
+   * @defgroup futures Futures
+   * @ingroup concurrency
+   *
+   * Classes for futures support.
+   * @{
+   */
+
+  /// Error code for futures
+  enum class future_errc
+  {
+    future_already_retrieved = 1,
+    promise_already_satisfied,
+    no_state,
+    broken_promise
+  };
+
+  /// Specialization.
+  template<>
+    struct is_error_code_enum<future_errc> : public true_type { };
+
+  /// Points to a statically-allocated object derived from error_category.
+  const error_category&
+  future_category() noexcept;
+
+  /// Overload for make_error_code.
+  inline error_code
+  make_error_code(future_errc __errc) noexcept
+  { return error_code(static_cast<int>(__errc), future_category()); }
+
+  /// Overload for make_error_condition.
+  inline error_condition
+  make_error_condition(future_errc __errc) noexcept
+  { return error_condition(static_cast<int>(__errc), future_category()); }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief Exception type thrown by futures.
+   *  @ingroup exceptions
+   */
+  class future_error : public logic_error
+  {
+    error_code                         _M_code;
+
+  public:
+    explicit future_error(error_code __ec)
+    : logic_error("std::future_error"), _M_code(__ec)
+    { }
+
+    virtual ~future_error() noexcept;
+
+    virtual const char*
+    what() const noexcept;
+
+    const error_code&
+    code() const noexcept { return _M_code; }
+  };
+
+  // Forward declarations.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class future;
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class shared_future;
+
+  template<typename _Signature>
+    class packaged_task;
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class promise;
+
+  /// Launch code for futures
+  enum class launch
+  {
+    async = 1,
+    deferred = 2
+  };
+
+  constexpr launch operator&(launch __x, launch __y)
+  {
+    return static_cast<launch>(
+       static_cast<int>(__x) & static_cast<int>(__y));
+  }
+
+  constexpr launch operator|(launch __x, launch __y)
+  {
+    return static_cast<launch>(
+       static_cast<int>(__x) | static_cast<int>(__y));
+  }
+
+  constexpr launch operator^(launch __x, launch __y)
+  {
+    return static_cast<launch>(
+       static_cast<int>(__x) ^ static_cast<int>(__y));
+  }
+
+  constexpr launch operator~(launch __x)
+  { return static_cast<launch>(~static_cast<int>(__x)); }
+
+  inline launch& operator&=(launch& __x, launch __y)
+  { return __x = __x & __y; }
+
+  inline launch& operator|=(launch& __x, launch __y)
+  { return __x = __x | __y; }
+
+  inline launch& operator^=(launch& __x, launch __y)
+  { return __x = __x ^ __y; }
+
+  /// Status code for futures
+  enum class future_status
+  {
+    ready,
+    timeout,
+    deferred
+  };
+
+  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
+    async(launch __policy, _Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args);
+
+  template<typename _FnCheck, typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    struct __async_sfinae_helper
+    {
+      typedef future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type> type;
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    struct __async_sfinae_helper<launch, _Fn, _Args...>
+    { };
+
+  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    typename
+    __async_sfinae_helper<typename decay<_Fn>::type, _Fn, _Args...>::type
+    async(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args);
+
+#if defined(_GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS) && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1) \
+  && (ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE > 1)
+
+  /// Base class and enclosing scope.
+  struct __future_base
+  {
+    /// Base class for results.
+    struct _Result_base
+    {
+      exception_ptr            _M_error;
+
+      _Result_base(const _Result_base&) = delete;
+      _Result_base& operator=(const _Result_base&) = delete;
+
+      // _M_destroy() allows derived classes to control deallocation
+      virtual void _M_destroy() = 0;
+
+      struct _Deleter
+      {
+       void operator()(_Result_base* __fr) const { __fr->_M_destroy(); }
+      };
+
+    protected:
+      _Result_base();
+      virtual ~_Result_base();
+    };
+
+    /// Result.
+    template<typename _Res>
+      struct _Result : _Result_base
+      {
+      private:
+       typedef alignment_of<_Res>                              __a_of;
+       typedef aligned_storage<sizeof(_Res), __a_of::value>    __align_storage;
+       typedef typename __align_storage::type                  __align_type;
+
+       __align_type            _M_storage;
+       bool                    _M_initialized;
+
+      public:
+       _Result() noexcept : _M_initialized() { }
+       
+       ~_Result()
+       {
+         if (_M_initialized)
+           _M_value().~_Res();
+       }
+
+       // Return lvalue, future will add const or rvalue-reference
+       _Res&
+       _M_value() noexcept { return *static_cast<_Res*>(_M_addr()); }
+
+       void
+       _M_set(const _Res& __res)
+       {
+         ::new (_M_addr()) _Res(__res);
+         _M_initialized = true;
+       }
+
+       void
+       _M_set(_Res&& __res)
+       {
+         ::new (_M_addr()) _Res(std::move(__res));
+         _M_initialized = true;
+       }
+
+      private:
+       void _M_destroy() { delete this; }
+
+       void* _M_addr() noexcept { return static_cast<void*>(&_M_storage); }
+    };
+
+    /// A unique_ptr based on the instantiating type.
+    template<typename _Res>
+      using _Ptr = unique_ptr<_Res, _Result_base::_Deleter>;
+
+    /// Result_alloc.
+    template<typename _Res, typename _Alloc>
+      struct _Result_alloc final : _Result<_Res>, _Alloc
+      {
+        typedef typename allocator_traits<_Alloc>::template
+          rebind_alloc<_Result_alloc> __allocator_type;
+
+        explicit
+       _Result_alloc(const _Alloc& __a) : _Result<_Res>(), _Alloc(__a)
+        { }
+       
+      private:
+       void _M_destroy()
+        {
+         typedef allocator_traits<__allocator_type> __traits;
+          __allocator_type __a(*this);
+         __traits::destroy(__a, this);
+         __traits::deallocate(__a, this, 1);
+        }
+      };
+
+    template<typename _Res, typename _Allocator>
+      static _Ptr<_Result_alloc<_Res, _Allocator>>
+      _S_allocate_result(const _Allocator& __a)
+      {
+        typedef _Result_alloc<_Res, _Allocator>        __result_type;
+       typedef allocator_traits<typename __result_type::__allocator_type>
+         __traits;
+        typename __traits::allocator_type __a2(__a);
+        __result_type* __p = __traits::allocate(__a2, 1);
+        __try
+       {
+         __traits::construct(__a2, __p, __a);
+        }
+        __catch(...)
+        {
+         __traits::deallocate(__a2, __p, 1);
+          __throw_exception_again;
+        }
+        return _Ptr<__result_type>(__p);
+      }
+
+
+    /// Base class for state between a promise and one or more
+    /// associated futures.
+    class _State_base
+    {
+      typedef _Ptr<_Result_base> _Ptr_type;
+
+      _Ptr_type                        _M_result;
+      mutex                    _M_mutex;
+      condition_variable       _M_cond;
+      atomic_flag              _M_retrieved;
+      once_flag                        _M_once;
+
+    public:
+      _State_base() noexcept : _M_result(), _M_retrieved(ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT) { }
+      _State_base(const _State_base&) = delete;
+      _State_base& operator=(const _State_base&) = delete;
+      virtual ~_State_base();
+
+      _Result_base&
+      wait()
+      {
+       _M_run_deferred();
+       unique_lock<mutex> __lock(_M_mutex);
+       _M_cond.wait(__lock, [&] { return _M_ready(); });
+       return *_M_result;
+      }
+
+      template<typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+        future_status
+        wait_for(const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& __rel)
+        {
+         unique_lock<mutex> __lock(_M_mutex);
+         if (_M_cond.wait_for(__lock, __rel, [&] { return _M_ready(); }))
+           return future_status::ready;
+         return future_status::timeout;
+       }
+
+      template<typename _Clock, typename _Duration>
+        future_status
+        wait_until(const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& __abs)
+        {
+         unique_lock<mutex> __lock(_M_mutex);
+         if (_M_cond.wait_until(__lock, __abs, [&] { return _M_ready(); }))
+           return future_status::ready;
+         return future_status::timeout;
+       }
+
+      void
+      _M_set_result(function<_Ptr_type()> __res, bool __ignore_failure = false)
+      {
+        bool __set = __ignore_failure;
+        // all calls to this function are serialized,
+        // side-effects of invoking __res only happen once
+        call_once(_M_once, &_State_base::_M_do_set, this, ref(__res),
+            ref(__set));
+        if (!__set)
+          __throw_future_error(int(future_errc::promise_already_satisfied));
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_break_promise(_Ptr_type __res)
+      {
+       if (static_cast<bool>(__res))
+         {
+           error_code __ec(make_error_code(future_errc::broken_promise));
+           __res->_M_error = copy_exception(future_error(__ec));
+           {
+             lock_guard<mutex> __lock(_M_mutex);
+             _M_result.swap(__res);
+           }
+           _M_cond.notify_all();
+         }
+      }
+
+      // Called when this object is passed to a future.
+      void
+      _M_set_retrieved_flag()
+      {
+       if (_M_retrieved.test_and_set())
+         __throw_future_error(int(future_errc::future_already_retrieved));
+      }
+
+      template<typename _Res, typename _Arg>
+        struct _Setter;
+
+      // set lvalues
+      template<typename _Res, typename _Arg>
+        struct _Setter<_Res, _Arg&>
+        {
+          // check this is only used by promise<R>::set_value(const R&)
+          // or promise<R>::set_value(R&)
+          static_assert(is_same<_Res, _Arg&>::value  // promise<R&>
+              || is_same<const _Res, _Arg>::value,  // promise<R>
+              "Invalid specialisation");
+
+          typename promise<_Res>::_Ptr_type operator()()
+          {
+            _State_base::_S_check(_M_promise->_M_future);
+            _M_promise->_M_storage->_M_set(_M_arg);
+            return std::move(_M_promise->_M_storage);
+          }
+          promise<_Res>*    _M_promise;
+          _Arg&             _M_arg;
+        };
+
+      // set rvalues
+      template<typename _Res>
+        struct _Setter<_Res, _Res&&>
+        {
+          typename promise<_Res>::_Ptr_type operator()()
+          {
+            _State_base::_S_check(_M_promise->_M_future);
+            _M_promise->_M_storage->_M_set(std::move(_M_arg));
+            return std::move(_M_promise->_M_storage);
+          }
+          promise<_Res>*    _M_promise;
+          _Res&             _M_arg;
+        };
+
+      struct __exception_ptr_tag { };
+
+      // set exceptions
+      template<typename _Res>
+        struct _Setter<_Res, __exception_ptr_tag>
+        {
+          typename promise<_Res>::_Ptr_type operator()()
+          {
+            _State_base::_S_check(_M_promise->_M_future);
+            _M_promise->_M_storage->_M_error = _M_ex;
+            return std::move(_M_promise->_M_storage);
+          }
+
+          promise<_Res>*   _M_promise;
+          exception_ptr&    _M_ex;
+        };
+
+      template<typename _Res, typename _Arg>
+        static _Setter<_Res, _Arg&&>
+        __setter(promise<_Res>* __prom, _Arg&& __arg)
+        {
+          return _Setter<_Res, _Arg&&>{ __prom, __arg };
+        }
+
+      template<typename _Res>
+        static _Setter<_Res, __exception_ptr_tag>
+        __setter(exception_ptr& __ex, promise<_Res>* __prom)
+        {
+          return _Setter<_Res, __exception_ptr_tag>{ __prom, __ex };
+        }
+
+      static _Setter<void, void>
+      __setter(promise<void>* __prom);
+
+      template<typename _Tp>
+        static void
+        _S_check(const shared_ptr<_Tp>& __p)
+        {
+          if (!static_cast<bool>(__p))
+            __throw_future_error((int)future_errc::no_state);
+        }
+
+    private:
+      void
+      _M_do_set(function<_Ptr_type()>& __f, bool& __set)
+      {
+        _Ptr_type __res = __f();
+        {
+          lock_guard<mutex> __lock(_M_mutex);
+          _M_result.swap(__res);
+        }
+        _M_cond.notify_all();
+        __set = true;
+      }
+
+      bool _M_ready() const noexcept { return static_cast<bool>(_M_result); }
+
+      // Misnamed: waits for completion of async function.
+      virtual void _M_run_deferred() { }
+    };
+
+    template<typename _BoundFn, typename = typename _BoundFn::result_type>
+      class _Deferred_state;
+
+    class _Async_state_common;
+
+    template<typename _BoundFn, typename = typename _BoundFn::result_type>
+      class _Async_state_impl;
+
+    template<typename _Signature>
+      class _Task_state;
+
+    template<typename _BoundFn>
+      static std::shared_ptr<_State_base>
+      _S_make_deferred_state(_BoundFn&& __fn);
+
+    template<typename _BoundFn>
+      static std::shared_ptr<_State_base>
+      _S_make_async_state(_BoundFn&& __fn);
+
+    template<typename _Res_ptr, typename _Res>
+      struct _Task_setter;
+
+    template<typename _Res_ptr, typename _BoundFn>
+      class _Task_setter_helper
+      {
+       typedef typename remove_reference<_BoundFn>::type::result_type __res;
+      public:
+       typedef _Task_setter<_Res_ptr, __res> __type;
+      };
+
+    template<typename _Res_ptr, typename _BoundFn>
+      static typename _Task_setter_helper<_Res_ptr, _BoundFn>::__type
+      _S_task_setter(_Res_ptr& __ptr, _BoundFn&& __call)
+      {
+       typedef _Task_setter_helper<_Res_ptr, _BoundFn> __helper_type;
+       typedef typename __helper_type::__type _Setter;
+       return _Setter{ __ptr, std::ref(__call) };
+      }
+  };
+
+  /// Partial specialization for reference types.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    struct __future_base::_Result<_Res&> : __future_base::_Result_base
+    {
+      _Result() noexcept : _M_value_ptr() { }
+
+      void _M_set(_Res& __res) noexcept { _M_value_ptr = &__res; }
+
+      _Res& _M_get() noexcept { return *_M_value_ptr; }
+
+    private:
+      _Res*                    _M_value_ptr;
+
+      void _M_destroy() { delete this; }
+    };
+
+  /// Explicit specialization for void.
+  template<>
+    struct __future_base::_Result<void> : __future_base::_Result_base
+    {
+    private:
+      void _M_destroy() { delete this; }
+    };
+
+
+  /// Common implementation for future and shared_future.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class __basic_future : public __future_base
+    {
+    protected:
+      typedef shared_ptr<_State_base>          __state_type;
+      typedef __future_base::_Result<_Res>&    __result_type;
+
+    private:
+      __state_type             _M_state;
+
+    public:
+      // Disable copying.
+      __basic_future(const __basic_future&) = delete;
+      __basic_future& operator=(const __basic_future&) = delete;
+
+      bool
+      valid() const noexcept { return static_cast<bool>(_M_state); }
+
+      void
+      wait() const
+      {
+        _State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+        _M_state->wait();
+      }
+
+      template<typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+        future_status
+        wait_for(const chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& __rel) const
+        {
+          _State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+          return _M_state->wait_for(__rel);
+        }
+
+      template<typename _Clock, typename _Duration>
+        future_status
+        wait_until(const chrono::time_point<_Clock, _Duration>& __abs) const
+        {
+          _State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+          return _M_state->wait_until(__abs);
+        }
+
+    protected:
+      /// Wait for the state to be ready and rethrow any stored exception
+      __result_type
+      _M_get_result()
+      {
+        _State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+        _Result_base& __res = _M_state->wait();
+        if (!(__res._M_error == 0))
+          rethrow_exception(__res._M_error);
+        return static_cast<__result_type>(__res);
+      }
+
+      void _M_swap(__basic_future& __that) noexcept
+      {
+        _M_state.swap(__that._M_state);
+      }
+
+      // Construction of a future by promise::get_future()
+      explicit
+      __basic_future(const __state_type& __state) : _M_state(__state)
+      {
+        _State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+        _M_state->_M_set_retrieved_flag();
+      }
+
+      // Copy construction from a shared_future
+      explicit
+      __basic_future(const shared_future<_Res>&) noexcept;
+
+      // Move construction from a shared_future
+      explicit
+      __basic_future(shared_future<_Res>&&) noexcept;
+
+      // Move construction from a future
+      explicit
+      __basic_future(future<_Res>&&) noexcept;
+
+      constexpr __basic_future() noexcept : _M_state() { }
+
+      struct _Reset
+      {
+        explicit _Reset(__basic_future& __fut) noexcept : _M_fut(__fut) { }
+        ~_Reset() { _M_fut._M_state.reset(); }
+        __basic_future& _M_fut;
+      };
+    };
+
+
+  /// Primary template for future.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class future : public __basic_future<_Res>
+    {
+      friend class promise<_Res>;
+      template<typename> friend class packaged_task;
+      template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+        friend future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
+        async(launch, _Fn&&, _Args&&...);
+
+      typedef __basic_future<_Res> _Base_type;
+      typedef typename _Base_type::__state_type __state_type;
+
+      explicit
+      future(const __state_type& __state) : _Base_type(__state) { }
+
+    public:
+      constexpr future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Move constructor
+      future(future&& __uf) noexcept : _Base_type(std::move(__uf)) { }
+
+      // Disable copying
+      future(const future&) = delete;
+      future& operator=(const future&) = delete;
+
+      future& operator=(future&& __fut) noexcept
+      {
+        future(std::move(__fut))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /// Retrieving the value
+      _Res
+      get()
+      {
+        typename _Base_type::_Reset __reset(*this);
+        return std::move(this->_M_get_result()._M_value());
+      }
+
+      shared_future<_Res> share();
+    };
+
+  /// Partial specialization for future<R&>
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class future<_Res&> : public __basic_future<_Res&>
+    {
+      friend class promise<_Res&>;
+      template<typename> friend class packaged_task;
+      template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+        friend future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
+        async(launch, _Fn&&, _Args&&...);
+
+      typedef __basic_future<_Res&> _Base_type;
+      typedef typename _Base_type::__state_type __state_type;
+
+      explicit
+      future(const __state_type& __state) : _Base_type(__state) { }
+
+    public:
+      constexpr future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Move constructor
+      future(future&& __uf) noexcept : _Base_type(std::move(__uf)) { }
+
+      // Disable copying
+      future(const future&) = delete;
+      future& operator=(const future&) = delete;
+
+      future& operator=(future&& __fut) noexcept
+      {
+        future(std::move(__fut))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /// Retrieving the value
+      _Res&
+      get()
+      {
+        typename _Base_type::_Reset __reset(*this);
+        return this->_M_get_result()._M_get();
+      }
+
+      shared_future<_Res&> share();
+    };
+
+  /// Explicit specialization for future<void>
+  template<>
+    class future<void> : public __basic_future<void>
+    {
+      friend class promise<void>;
+      template<typename> friend class packaged_task;
+      template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+        friend future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
+        async(launch, _Fn&&, _Args&&...);
+
+      typedef __basic_future<void> _Base_type;
+      typedef typename _Base_type::__state_type __state_type;
+
+      explicit
+      future(const __state_type& __state) : _Base_type(__state) { }
+
+    public:
+      constexpr future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Move constructor
+      future(future&& __uf) noexcept : _Base_type(std::move(__uf)) { }
+
+      // Disable copying
+      future(const future&) = delete;
+      future& operator=(const future&) = delete;
+
+      future& operator=(future&& __fut) noexcept
+      {
+        future(std::move(__fut))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /// Retrieving the value
+      void
+      get()
+      {
+        typename _Base_type::_Reset __reset(*this);
+        this->_M_get_result();
+      }
+
+      shared_future<void> share();
+    };
+
+
+  /// Primary template for shared_future.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class shared_future : public __basic_future<_Res>
+    {
+      typedef __basic_future<_Res> _Base_type;
+
+    public:
+      constexpr shared_future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Copy constructor
+      shared_future(const shared_future& __sf) : _Base_type(__sf) { }
+
+      /// Construct from a future rvalue
+      shared_future(future<_Res>&& __uf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__uf))
+      { }
+
+      /// Construct from a shared_future rvalue
+      shared_future(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__sf))
+      { }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(const shared_future& __sf)
+      {
+        shared_future(__sf)._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      {
+        shared_future(std::move(__sf))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /// Retrieving the value
+      const _Res&
+      get()
+      {
+       typename _Base_type::__result_type __r = this->_M_get_result();
+       _Res& __rs(__r._M_value());
+       return __rs;
+      }
+    };
+
+  /// Partial specialization for shared_future<R&>
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class shared_future<_Res&> : public __basic_future<_Res&>
+    {
+      typedef __basic_future<_Res&>           _Base_type;
+
+    public:
+      constexpr shared_future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Copy constructor
+      shared_future(const shared_future& __sf) : _Base_type(__sf) { }
+
+      /// Construct from a future rvalue
+      shared_future(future<_Res&>&& __uf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__uf))
+      { }
+
+      /// Construct from a shared_future rvalue
+      shared_future(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__sf))
+      { }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(const shared_future& __sf)
+      {
+        shared_future(__sf)._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      {
+        shared_future(std::move(__sf))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /// Retrieving the value
+      _Res&
+      get() { return this->_M_get_result()._M_get(); }
+    };
+
+  /// Explicit specialization for shared_future<void>
+  template<>
+    class shared_future<void> : public __basic_future<void>
+    {
+      typedef __basic_future<void> _Base_type;
+
+    public:
+      constexpr shared_future() noexcept : _Base_type() { }
+
+      /// Copy constructor
+      shared_future(const shared_future& __sf) : _Base_type(__sf) { }
+
+      /// Construct from a future rvalue
+      shared_future(future<void>&& __uf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__uf))
+      { }
+
+      /// Construct from a shared_future rvalue
+      shared_future(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      : _Base_type(std::move(__sf))
+      { }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(const shared_future& __sf)
+      {
+        shared_future(__sf)._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      shared_future& operator=(shared_future&& __sf) noexcept
+      {
+        shared_future(std::move(__sf))._M_swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      // Retrieving the value
+      void
+      get() { this->_M_get_result(); }
+    };
+
+  // Now we can define the protected __basic_future constructors.
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline __basic_future<_Res>::
+    __basic_future(const shared_future<_Res>& __sf) noexcept
+    : _M_state(__sf._M_state)
+    { }
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline __basic_future<_Res>::
+    __basic_future(shared_future<_Res>&& __sf) noexcept
+    : _M_state(std::move(__sf._M_state))
+    { }
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline __basic_future<_Res>::
+    __basic_future(future<_Res>&& __uf) noexcept
+    : _M_state(std::move(__uf._M_state))
+    { }
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline shared_future<_Res>
+    future<_Res>::share()
+    { return shared_future<_Res>(std::move(*this)); }
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline shared_future<_Res&>
+    future<_Res&>::share()
+    { return shared_future<_Res&>(std::move(*this)); }
+
+  inline shared_future<void>
+  future<void>::share()
+  { return shared_future<void>(std::move(*this)); }
+
+  /// Primary template for promise
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class promise
+    {
+      typedef __future_base::_State_base       _State;
+      typedef __future_base::_Result<_Res>     _Res_type;
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Res_type>   _Ptr_type;
+      template<typename, typename> friend class _State::_Setter;
+
+      shared_ptr<_State>                        _M_future;
+      _Ptr_type                                 _M_storage;
+
+    public:
+      promise()
+      : _M_future(std::make_shared<_State>()),
+       _M_storage(new _Res_type())
+      { }
+
+      promise(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+       _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+      { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a)
+        : _M_future(std::allocate_shared<_State>(__a)),
+         _M_storage(__future_base::_S_allocate_result<_Res>(__a))
+        { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&, promise&& __rhs)
+        : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+         _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+        { }
+
+      promise(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      ~promise()
+      {
+        if (static_cast<bool>(_M_future) && !_M_future.unique())
+          _M_future->_M_break_promise(std::move(_M_storage));
+      }
+
+      // Assignment
+      promise&
+      operator=(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        promise(std::move(__rhs)).swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      promise& operator=(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      void
+      swap(promise& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        _M_future.swap(__rhs._M_future);
+        _M_storage.swap(__rhs._M_storage);
+      }
+
+      // Retrieving the result
+      future<_Res>
+      get_future()
+      { return future<_Res>(_M_future); }
+
+      // Setting the result
+      void
+      set_value(const _Res& __r)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(this, __r);
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+
+      void
+      set_value(_Res&& __r)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(this, std::move(__r));
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+
+      void
+      set_exception(exception_ptr __p)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(__p, this);
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Res>
+    inline void
+    swap(promise<_Res>& __x, promise<_Res>& __y) noexcept
+    { __x.swap(__y); }
+
+  template<typename _Res, typename _Alloc>
+    struct uses_allocator<promise<_Res>, _Alloc>
+    : public true_type { };
+
+
+  /// Partial specialization for promise<R&>
+  template<typename _Res>
+    class promise<_Res&>
+    {
+      typedef __future_base::_State_base       _State;
+      typedef __future_base::_Result<_Res&>    _Res_type;
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Res_type>   _Ptr_type;
+      template<typename, typename> friend class _State::_Setter;
+
+      shared_ptr<_State>                        _M_future;
+      _Ptr_type                                 _M_storage;
+
+    public:
+      promise()
+      : _M_future(std::make_shared<_State>()),
+       _M_storage(new _Res_type())
+      { }
+
+      promise(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+       _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+      { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a)
+        : _M_future(std::allocate_shared<_State>(__a)),
+         _M_storage(__future_base::_S_allocate_result<_Res&>(__a))
+        { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&, promise&& __rhs)
+        : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+         _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+        { }
+
+      promise(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      ~promise()
+      {
+        if (static_cast<bool>(_M_future) && !_M_future.unique())
+          _M_future->_M_break_promise(std::move(_M_storage));
+      }
+
+      // Assignment
+      promise&
+      operator=(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        promise(std::move(__rhs)).swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      promise& operator=(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      void
+      swap(promise& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        _M_future.swap(__rhs._M_future);
+        _M_storage.swap(__rhs._M_storage);
+      }
+
+      // Retrieving the result
+      future<_Res&>
+      get_future()
+      { return future<_Res&>(_M_future); }
+
+      // Setting the result
+      void
+      set_value(_Res& __r)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(this, __r);
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+
+      void
+      set_exception(exception_ptr __p)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(__p, this);
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+    };
+
+  /// Explicit specialization for promise<void>
+  template<>
+    class promise<void>
+    {
+      typedef __future_base::_State_base       _State;
+      typedef __future_base::_Result<void>     _Res_type;
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Res_type>   _Ptr_type;
+      template<typename, typename> friend class _State::_Setter;
+
+      shared_ptr<_State>                        _M_future;
+      _Ptr_type                                 _M_storage;
+
+    public:
+      promise()
+      : _M_future(std::make_shared<_State>()),
+       _M_storage(new _Res_type())
+      { }
+
+      promise(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+       _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+      { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a)
+        : _M_future(std::allocate_shared<_State>(__a)),
+         _M_storage(__future_base::_S_allocate_result<void>(__a))
+        { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        promise(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&, promise&& __rhs)
+        : _M_future(std::move(__rhs._M_future)),
+         _M_storage(std::move(__rhs._M_storage))
+        { }
+
+      promise(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      ~promise()
+      {
+        if (static_cast<bool>(_M_future) && !_M_future.unique())
+          _M_future->_M_break_promise(std::move(_M_storage));
+      }
+
+      // Assignment
+      promise&
+      operator=(promise&& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        promise(std::move(__rhs)).swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      promise& operator=(const promise&) = delete;
+
+      void
+      swap(promise& __rhs) noexcept
+      {
+        _M_future.swap(__rhs._M_future);
+        _M_storage.swap(__rhs._M_storage);
+      }
+
+      // Retrieving the result
+      future<void>
+      get_future()
+      { return future<void>(_M_future); }
+
+      // Setting the result
+      void set_value();
+
+      void
+      set_exception(exception_ptr __p)
+      {
+        auto __setter = _State::__setter(__p, this);
+        _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+    };
+
+  // set void
+  template<>
+    struct __future_base::_State_base::_Setter<void, void>
+    {
+      promise<void>::_Ptr_type operator()()
+      {
+        _State_base::_S_check(_M_promise->_M_future);
+        return std::move(_M_promise->_M_storage);
+      }
+
+      promise<void>*    _M_promise;
+    };
+
+  inline __future_base::_State_base::_Setter<void, void>
+  __future_base::_State_base::__setter(promise<void>* __prom)
+  {
+    return _Setter<void, void>{ __prom };
+  }
+
+  inline void
+  promise<void>::set_value()
+  {
+    auto __setter = _State::__setter(this);
+    _M_future->_M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+  }
+
+
+  template<typename _Ptr_type, typename _Res>
+    struct __future_base::_Task_setter
+    {
+      _Ptr_type operator()()
+      {
+        __try
+         {
+           _M_result->_M_set(_M_fn());
+         }
+       __catch(...)
+         {
+           _M_result->_M_error = current_exception();
+         }
+        return std::move(_M_result);
+      }
+      _Ptr_type&                _M_result;
+      std::function<_Res()>     _M_fn;
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Ptr_type>
+    struct __future_base::_Task_setter<_Ptr_type, void>
+    {
+      _Ptr_type operator()()
+      {
+        __try
+         {
+           _M_fn();
+         }
+       __catch(...)
+         {
+           _M_result->_M_error = current_exception();
+         }
+       return std::move(_M_result);
+      }
+      _Ptr_type&                _M_result;
+      std::function<void()>     _M_fn;
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Res, typename... _Args>
+    struct __future_base::_Task_state<_Res(_Args...)> final
+    : __future_base::_State_base
+    {
+      typedef _Res _Res_type;
+
+      _Task_state(std::function<_Res(_Args...)> __task)
+      : _M_result(new _Result<_Res>()), _M_task(std::move(__task))
+      { }
+
+      template<typename _Func, typename _Alloc>
+        _Task_state(_Func&& __task, const _Alloc& __a)
+        : _M_result(_S_allocate_result<_Res>(__a)),
+         _M_task(allocator_arg, __a, std::move(__task))
+        { }
+
+      void
+      _M_run(_Args... __args)
+      {
+        // bound arguments decay so wrap lvalue references
+       auto __boundfn = std::__bind_simple(std::ref(_M_task),
+           _S_maybe_wrap_ref(std::forward<_Args>(__args))...);
+        auto __setter = _S_task_setter(_M_result, std::move(__boundfn));
+        _M_set_result(std::move(__setter));
+      }
+
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Result<_Res>> _Ptr_type;
+      _Ptr_type _M_result;
+      std::function<_Res(_Args...)> _M_task;
+
+      template<typename _Tp>
+        static reference_wrapper<_Tp>
+        _S_maybe_wrap_ref(_Tp& __t)
+        { return std::ref(__t); }
+
+      template<typename _Tp>
+        static typename enable_if<!is_lvalue_reference<_Tp>::value,
+                        _Tp>::type&&
+        _S_maybe_wrap_ref(_Tp&& __t)
+        { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t); }
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Task, typename _Fn, bool
+           = is_same<_Task, typename decay<_Fn>::type>::value>
+    struct __constrain_pkgdtask
+    { typedef void __type; };
+
+  template<typename _Task, typename _Fn>
+    struct __constrain_pkgdtask<_Task, _Fn, true>
+    { };
+
+  /// packaged_task
+  template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
+    class packaged_task<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>
+    {
+      typedef __future_base::_Task_state<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>  _State_type;
+      shared_ptr<_State_type>                   _M_state;
+
+    public:
+      // Construction and destruction
+      packaged_task() noexcept { }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        explicit
+        packaged_task(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a) noexcept
+        { }
+
+      template<typename _Fn, typename = typename
+               __constrain_pkgdtask<packaged_task, _Fn>::__type>
+        explicit
+        packaged_task(_Fn&& __fn)
+        : _M_state(std::make_shared<_State_type>(std::forward<_Fn>(__fn)))
+        { }
+
+      template<typename _Fn, typename _Allocator, typename = typename
+               __constrain_pkgdtask<packaged_task, _Fn>::__type>
+        explicit
+        packaged_task(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a, _Fn&& __fn)
+        : _M_state(std::allocate_shared<_State_type>(__a,
+                                                     std::forward<_Fn>(__fn)))
+        { }
+
+      ~packaged_task()
+      {
+        if (static_cast<bool>(_M_state) && !_M_state.unique())
+          _M_state->_M_break_promise(std::move(_M_state->_M_result));
+      }
+
+      // No copy
+      packaged_task(const packaged_task&) = delete;
+      packaged_task& operator=(const packaged_task&) = delete;
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        explicit
+        packaged_task(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&,
+                      const packaged_task&) = delete;
+
+      // Move support
+      packaged_task(packaged_task&& __other) noexcept
+      { this->swap(__other); }
+
+      template<typename _Allocator>
+        explicit
+        packaged_task(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&,
+                      packaged_task&& __other) noexcept
+        { this->swap(__other); }
+
+      packaged_task& operator=(packaged_task&& __other) noexcept
+      {
+        packaged_task(std::move(__other)).swap(*this);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      void
+      swap(packaged_task& __other) noexcept
+      { _M_state.swap(__other._M_state); }
+
+      bool
+      valid() const noexcept
+      { return static_cast<bool>(_M_state); }
+
+      // Result retrieval
+      future<_Res>
+      get_future()
+      { return future<_Res>(_M_state); }
+
+      // Execution
+      void
+      operator()(_ArgTypes... __args)
+      {
+        __future_base::_State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+        _M_state->_M_run(std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
+      }
+
+      void
+      reset()
+      {
+        __future_base::_State_base::_S_check(_M_state);
+        packaged_task(std::move(_M_state->_M_task)).swap(*this);
+      }
+    };
+
+  /// swap
+  template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
+    inline void
+    swap(packaged_task<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>& __x,
+        packaged_task<_Res(_ArgTypes...)>& __y) noexcept
+    { __x.swap(__y); }
+
+  template<typename _Res, typename _Alloc>
+    struct uses_allocator<packaged_task<_Res>, _Alloc>
+    : public true_type { };
+
+
+  template<typename _BoundFn, typename _Res>
+    class __future_base::_Deferred_state final
+    : public __future_base::_State_base
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      _Deferred_state(_BoundFn&& __fn)
+      : _M_result(new _Result<_Res>()), _M_fn(std::move(__fn))
+      { }
+
+    private:
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Result<_Res>> _Ptr_type;
+      _Ptr_type _M_result;
+      _BoundFn _M_fn;
+
+      virtual void
+      _M_run_deferred()
+      {
+        // safe to call multiple times so ignore failure
+        _M_set_result(_S_task_setter(_M_result, _M_fn), true);
+      }
+    };
+
+  class __future_base::_Async_state_common : public __future_base::_State_base
+  {
+  protected:
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_ASYNC_ABI_COMPAT
+    ~_Async_state_common();
+#else
+    ~_Async_state_common() = default;
+#endif
+
+    // Allow non-timed waiting functions to block until the thread completes,
+    // as if joined.
+    virtual void _M_run_deferred() { _M_join(); }
+
+    void _M_join() { std::call_once(_M_once, &thread::join, ref(_M_thread)); }
+
+    thread _M_thread;
+    once_flag _M_once;
+  };
+
+  template<typename _BoundFn, typename _Res>
+    class __future_base::_Async_state_impl final
+    : public __future_base::_Async_state_common
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      _Async_state_impl(_BoundFn&& __fn)
+      : _M_result(new _Result<_Res>()), _M_fn(std::move(__fn))
+      {
+       _M_thread = std::thread{ [this] {
+         _M_set_result(_S_task_setter(_M_result, _M_fn));
+        } };
+      }
+
+      ~_Async_state_impl() { _M_join(); }
+
+    private:
+      typedef __future_base::_Ptr<_Result<_Res>> _Ptr_type;
+      _Ptr_type _M_result;
+      _BoundFn _M_fn;
+    };
+
+  template<typename _BoundFn>
+    inline std::shared_ptr<__future_base::_State_base>
+    __future_base::_S_make_deferred_state(_BoundFn&& __fn)
+    {
+      typedef typename remove_reference<_BoundFn>::type __fn_type;
+      typedef _Deferred_state<__fn_type> __state_type;
+      return std::make_shared<__state_type>(std::move(__fn));
+    }
+
+  template<typename _BoundFn>
+    inline std::shared_ptr<__future_base::_State_base>
+    __future_base::_S_make_async_state(_BoundFn&& __fn)
+    {
+      typedef typename remove_reference<_BoundFn>::type __fn_type;
+      typedef _Async_state_impl<__fn_type> __state_type;
+      return std::make_shared<__state_type>(std::move(__fn));
+    }
+
+
+  /// async
+  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
+    async(launch __policy, _Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
+    {
+      typedef typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type result_type;
+      std::shared_ptr<__future_base::_State_base> __state;
+      if ((__policy & (launch::async|launch::deferred)) == launch::async)
+       {
+         __state = __future_base::_S_make_async_state(std::__bind_simple(
+              std::forward<_Fn>(__fn), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...));
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         __state = __future_base::_S_make_deferred_state(std::__bind_simple(
+              std::forward<_Fn>(__fn), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...));
+       }
+      return future<result_type>(__state);
+    }
+
+  /// async, potential overload
+  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
+    inline typename
+    __async_sfinae_helper<typename decay<_Fn>::type, _Fn, _Args...>::type
+    async(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
+    {
+      return async(launch::async|launch::deferred, std::forward<_Fn>(__fn),
+                  std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+    }
+
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
+       // && ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE
+
+  // @} group futures
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace
+
+#endif // __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
+
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_FUTURE